生信软件开发2 - 使用PyQt5开发一个简易GUI程序

news/2024/12/26 18:42:55 标签: qt, python, 开发语言

往期文章：
生信软件开发1 - 设计一个简单的Windwos风格的GUI报告软件

1. 使用PyQt5设计一个计算器主程序

要求PyQt5 >= 5.6, calculator.py与MainWindow.py处于同一目录，下载mainwindow-weird.ui和mainwindow.ui资源，运行calculator.py即可打开GUI软件。

# 安装库
pip install PyQt5>=5.6

UI设计： PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.9

UI界面（运行效果）：
计算器

python"># calculator.py
import operator
import sys

# mainwindow-weird.ui和mainwindow.ui资源下载
# https://github.com/LittleGlowRobot/Jackwu/tree/main/Resource/Calculator-pyqt5

# 导入UI
from MainWindow import Ui_MainWindow
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow

# 初始化计算器状态
READY = 0
INPUT = 1

class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

        # 设置数字按钮
        for n in range(0, 10):
            getattr(self, "pushButton_n%s" % n).pressed.connect(lambda v=n: self.input_number(v))

        # 设置加减乘除按钮
        self.pushButton_add.pressed.connect(lambda: self.operation(operator.add))
        self.pushButton_sub.pressed.connect(lambda: self.operation(operator.sub))
        self.pushButton_mul.pressed.connect(lambda: self.operation(operator.mul))
        self.pushButton_div.pressed.connect(lambda: self.operation(operator.truediv))  # operator.div for Python2.7

        # 等于按钮
        self.pushButton_pc.pressed.connect(self.operation_pc)
        self.pushButton_eq.pressed.connect(self.equals)

        # 设置AC按钮
        self.actionReset.triggered.connect(self.reset)
        self.pushButton_ac.pressed.connect(self.reset)
        
        # 退出
        self.actionExit.triggered.connect(self.close)

        self.pushButton_m.pressed.connect(self.memory_store)
        self.pushButton_mr.pressed.connect(self.memory_recall)

        self.memory = 0
        self.reset()

        self.show()

    def display(self):
        """显示"""
        self.lcdNumber.display(self.stack[-1])

    def reset(self):
        """重置操作"""
        self.state = READY
        self.stack = [0]
        self.last_operation = None
        self.current_op = None
        self.display()

    def memory_store(self):
        """存储器"""
        self.memory = self.lcdNumber.value()

    def memory_recall(self):
        """获取存储器存储数字"""
        self.state = INPUT
        self.stack[-1] = self.memory
        self.display()

    def input_number(self, v):
        if self.state == READY:
            self.state = INPUT
            self.stack[-1] = v
        else:
            self.stack[-1] = self.stack[-1] * 10 + v

        self.display()

    def operation(self, op):
        if self.current_op:  # Complete the current operation
            self.equals()

        self.stack.append(0)
        self.state = INPUT
        self.current_op = op

    def operation_pc(self):
        self.state = INPUT
        self.stack[-1] *= 0.01
        self.display()

    def equals(self):
        # Support to allow '=' to repeat previous operation
        # if no further input has been added.
        if self.state == READY and self.last_operation:
            s, self.current_op = self.last_operation
            self.stack.append(s)

        if self.current_op:
            self.last_operation = self.stack[-1], self.current_op

            try:
                self.stack = [self.current_op(*self.stack)]
            except Exception:
                self.lcdNumber.display("Err")
                self.stack = [0]
            else:
                self.current_op = None
                self.state = READY
                self.display()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    app.setApplicationName("计算器")

    window = MainWindow()
    app.exec_()

2. 窗口设计

mainwindow-weird.ui和mainwindow.ui资源下载github： https://github.com/LittleGlowRobot/Jackwu/tree/main/Resource/Calculator-pyqt5

python"># MainWindow.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'mainwindow.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.9

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        # 窗口大小
        MainWindow.resize(484, 433)
        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Maximum)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.centralWidget.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        self.centralWidget.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralWidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(11, 11, 11, 11)
        self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(6)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.lcdNumber = QtWidgets.QLCDNumber(self.centralWidget)
        self.lcdNumber.setDigitCount(10)
        self.lcdNumber.setObjectName("lcdNumber")
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.lcdNumber)
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        self.gridLayout.setSpacing(6)
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.pushButton_n4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n4.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n4.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n4.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n4.setObjectName("pushButton_n4")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n4, 3, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n1 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n1.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n1.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n1.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n1.setObjectName("pushButton_n1")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n1, 4, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n8 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n8.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n8.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n8.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n8.setObjectName("pushButton_n8")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n8, 2, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_mul = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_mul.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_mul.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_mul.setObjectName("pushButton_mul")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_mul, 2, 3, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n7 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n7.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n7.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n7.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n7.setObjectName("pushButton_n7")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n7, 2, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n6 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n6.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n6.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n6.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n6.setObjectName("pushButton_n6")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n6, 3, 2, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n5.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n5.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n5.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n5.setObjectName("pushButton_n5")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n5, 3, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n0 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n0.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n0.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n0.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n0.setObjectName("pushButton_n0")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n0, 5, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n2.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n2.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n2.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n2.setObjectName("pushButton_n2")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n2, 4, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n9 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n9.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n9.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n9.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n9.setObjectName("pushButton_n9")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n9, 2, 2, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_n3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_n3.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_n3.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_n3.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #1976D2;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_n3.setObjectName("pushButton_n3")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_n3, 4, 2, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_div = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_div.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_div.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_div.setObjectName("pushButton_div")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_div, 1, 3, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_sub = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_sub.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_sub.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_sub.setObjectName("pushButton_sub")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_sub, 3, 3, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_add = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_add.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_add.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_add.setObjectName("pushButton_add")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_add, 4, 3, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_ac = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_ac.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_ac.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_ac.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "    color: #f44336;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_ac.setObjectName("pushButton_ac")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_ac, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_mr = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_mr.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_mr.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_mr.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "   color: #FFC107;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_mr.setObjectName("pushButton_mr")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_mr, 1, 2, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_m = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_m.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_m.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_m.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "   color: #FFC107;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_m.setObjectName("pushButton_m")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_m, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_pc = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_pc.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_pc.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_pc.setObjectName("pushButton_pc")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_pc, 5, 1, 1, 1)
        self.pushButton_eq = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton_eq.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 50))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(27)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.pushButton_eq.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_eq.setStyleSheet("QPushButton {\n" "color: #4CAF50;\n" "}")
        self.pushButton_eq.setObjectName("pushButton_eq")
        self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_eq, 5, 2, 1, 2)
        self.verticalLayout.addLayout(self.gridLayout)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)
        self.menuBar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menuBar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 484, 22))
        self.menuBar.setObjectName("menuBar")
        self.menuFile = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)
        self.menuFile.setObjectName("menuFile")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menuBar)
        self.statusBar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusBar.setObjectName("statusBar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusBar)
        self.actionExit = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionExit.setObjectName("actionExit")
        self.actionReset = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionReset.setObjectName("actionReset")
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionReset)
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionExit)
        self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuFile.menuAction())

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "计算器"))
        self.pushButton_n4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "4"))
        self.pushButton_n4.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "4"))
        self.pushButton_n1.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "1"))
        self.pushButton_n1.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "1"))
        self.pushButton_n8.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "8"))
        self.pushButton_n8.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "8"))
        self.pushButton_mul.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "x"))
        self.pushButton_mul.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "*"))
        self.pushButton_n7.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "7"))
        self.pushButton_n7.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "7"))
        self.pushButton_n6.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "6"))
        self.pushButton_n6.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "6"))
        self.pushButton_n5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "5"))
        self.pushButton_n5.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "5"))
        self.pushButton_n0.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "0"))
        self.pushButton_n0.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "0"))
        self.pushButton_n2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "2"))
        self.pushButton_n2.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "2"))
        self.pushButton_n9.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "9"))
        self.pushButton_n9.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "9"))
        self.pushButton_n3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "3"))
        self.pushButton_n3.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "3"))
        self.pushButton_div.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "÷"))
        self.pushButton_div.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "/"))
        self.pushButton_sub.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "-"))
        self.pushButton_sub.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "-"))
        self.pushButton_add.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "+"))
        self.pushButton_add.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "+"))
        self.pushButton_ac.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "AC"))
        self.pushButton_ac.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Esc"))
        self.pushButton_mr.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "MR"))
        self.pushButton_mr.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "R"))
        self.pushButton_m.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "M"))
        self.pushButton_m.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "M"))
        self.pushButton_pc.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "%"))
        self.pushButton_pc.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "%"))
        self.pushButton_eq.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "="))
        self.pushButton_eq.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Return"))
        self.menuFile.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "File"))
        self.actionExit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Exit"))
        self.actionExit.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+Q"))
        self.actionReset.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Reset"))
        self.actionReset.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+R"))

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